Types of Solutions

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Components of a Solution

Solvent
Solvent (Present in Largest Quantity)
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The component that is present in the largest quantity is known as the solvent.

Solvent determines the physical state in which solution exists.

Solute
Solute (Dissolved Component)
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One or more components present in the solution other than solvent are called solutes.

In this unit, we shall consider only binary solutions (consisting of two components).

Classification of Solutions

Solutions can be classified based on the physical state of the solvent and solute. Here are the main types:

Gaseous Solutions

In gaseous solutions, the solvent is a gas. The solute can be a gas, liquid, or solid.

Gas in Gas

Example: Mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases (air)

Liquid in Gas

Example: Chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas

Solid in Gas

Example: Camphor in nitrogen gas

Gas in Gas (e.g., Air - Oxygen in Nitrogen)
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Everyday Examples

  • 1

    Soft Drinks

    Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water (Gas in Liquid)

  • 2

    Brass

    Copper and zinc (Solid in Solid)

  • 3

    Air

    Mixture of gases (Gas in Gas)

  • 4

    Vinegar

    Acetic acid in water (Liquid in Liquid)